Iranian protesters damage Saudi embassy in Tehran
|
Iranian
security stand guard to protect Saudi Arabia's embassy in Tehran, Iran,
while a group of demonstrators gathered to protest execution of a
Shiite cleric in Saudi Arabia, Sunday, Jan. 3, 2016. |
TEHRAN, Iran
(AP) -- Protesters in Iran, angered by the execution by Saudi
Arabia of a prominent Shiite cleric, broke into the Saudi embassy in
Tehran early Sunday, setting fires and throwing papers from the roof,
Iranian media reported.
The semiofficial ISNA
news agency said the country's top police official, Gen. Hossein
Sajedinia, rushed to the scene and police worked to disperse the crowd
outraged by the execution of Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr. Shiite leaders in Iran
and other countries across the Middle East swiftly condemned Riyadh and
warned of sectarian backlash.
Saudi Arabia's
execution Saturday of 47 prisoners, which also included al-Qaida
detainees, threatened to further enflame Sunni-Shiite tensions in a
regional struggle playing out between the Sunni kingdom and its foe
Iran, a predominantly Shiite nation.
While
Saudi Arabia insisted the executions were part of a justified war on
terrorism, Iranian politicians warned that the Saudi monarchy would pay a
heavy price for the death of al-Nimr.
The
Iranian Foreign Ministry summoned the Saudi envoy in Tehran to protest,
while the Saudi Foreign Ministry later said it had summoned Iran's envoy
to the kingdom to protest the critical Iranian reaction to the sheikh's
execution, saying it represented "blatant interference" in its internal
affairs.
In Tehran, the crowd gathered
outside the Saudi embassy and chanted anti-Saudi slogans. Some
protesters threw stones and Molotov cocktails at the embassy, setting
off a fire in part of the building, Sajedinia told the semi-official
Tasnim news agency.
"Some of them entered the
embassy. Currently, individuals who entered the embassy have been
transferred out (of the building). However, a large crowd is still there
in front of the embassy," Sajedinia told ISNA early Sunday.
Some
of the protesters broke into the embassy and threw papers off the roof,
and police worked to disperse the crowd, Sajedinia told ISNA. He later
told Tasnim that police had removed the protesters from the building and
arrested some of them. He said the situation outside the embassy "had
been defused."
Al-Nimr's execution promises to
open a rancorous new chapter in the ongoing Sunni-Shiite power struggle
playing out across the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia and Iran as the
primary antagonists. The two regional powers already back opposing sides
in civil wars in Yemen and in Syria. Saudi Arabia was also a vocal
critic of the recent Iranian agreement with world powers that ends
international economic sanctions in exchange for limits on the Iranian
nuclear program.
The cleric's execution could
also complicate Saudi Arabia's relationship with the Shiite-led
government in Iraq. The Saudi embassy in Baghdad reopened for the first
time in nearly 25 years on Friday. Already on Saturday there were public
calls for Prime Minister Haidar al-Abadi to shut the embassy down
again.
Al-Abadi tweeted Saturday night that he
was "shocked and saddened" by al-Nimr's execution, adding that,
"peaceful opposition is a fundamental right. Repression does not last."
Hundreds
of al-Nimr's supporters also protested in his hometown of al-Qatif in
eastern Saudi Arabia, in neighboring Bahrain where police fired tear gas
and bird shot, and as far away as northern India.
The
sheikh's brother, Mohammed al-Nimr, said in a telephone interview that
Saudi authorities told the family they had already buried the body, but
didn't tell them at which cemetery. The family had hoped to bury his
body in his hometown. His funeral would likely have attracted thousands
of supporters, including large numbers of protesters. Instead the family
planned to hold prayers and accept condolences at the mosque in a
village near al-Qatif, where the sheikh used to pray.
A
spokesman said in a statement that United Nations Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon was "deeply dismayed" over the Saudi Arabia executions,
including that of Al-Nimr.
Germany's Foreign
Ministry said the cleric's execution "strengthens our existing concerns
about the growing tensions and the deepening rifts in the region."
State
Department spokesman John Kirby said in a statement that the U.S. is
"particularly concerned" that al-Nimr's execution risked "exacerbating
sectarian tensions at a time when they urgently need to be reduced."
He
said the U.S. is calling on Saudi Arabia to ensure fair judicial
proceedings and permit peaceful expression of dissent while working with
all community leaders to defuse tensions after the executions.
Al-Nimr's
death comes 11 months after Saudi Arabia issued a sweeping
counterterrorism law after Arab Spring protests shook the region in 2011
and toppled several longtime autocrats. The law codified that the
kingdom could prosecute as a terrorist anyone who demands reform,
exposes corruption or otherwise engages in dissent or violence against
the government.
The convictions of those
executed Saturday were issued by Saudi Arabia's Specialized Criminal
Court, established in 2008 to try terrorism cases.
The
executed al-Qaida detainees were convicted of launching a spate of
attacks against foreigners and security forces a decade ago.
To
counter Arab Spring rumblings that threatened to spill into eastern
Saudi Arabia, the kingdom sent troops in 2011 to crush Shiite protests
demanding more political powers from the Sunni-led, fraternal monarchy
of Bahrain. More security forces were also deployed that year to contain
protests in Saudi Arabia's oil-rich east, where al-Nimr rallied youth
who felt disenfranchised and persecuted.
A
Saudi lawyer in the eastern region told The Associated Press that three
other Shiite political detainees were also executed from among the 47.
The lawyer spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of reprisal.
Saudi
Arabia says all those executed were convicted of acts of terrorism.
Al-Nimr and the three others mentioned had been charged in connection
with violence that led to the deaths of several protesters and police
officers.
Saudi Arabia's top cleric Grand
Mufti Sheikh Abdulaziz Al Sheikh defended the executions as in line with
Islamic Shariah law. He described the executions as a "mercy to the
prisoners" because it would save them from committing more evil acts and
prevent chaos.
Islamic scholars around the
world hold vastly different views on the application of the death
penalty in Shariah law. Saudi Arabia's judiciary adheres to one of the
strictest interpretations, a Sunni Muslim ideology referred to as
Wahhabism.
Saudi Arabia carries out most
executions through beheading and sometimes in public and has drawn
comparisons to extremist groups like al-Qaida and the Islamic State
group - which also carry out public beheadings and claim to be
implementing Shariah. It strongly rejects the comparisons and points out
that it has a judicial appeals process with executions ultimately aimed
at combating crime.
The Lebanese Shiite
militant group Hezbollah issued a statement calling al-Nimr's execution
an "assassination" and a "ugly crime." The group added that those who
carry the "moral and direct responsibility for this crime are the United
States and its allies who give direct protection to the Saudi regime."
In
a press conference Saturday, Saudi Interior Ministry spokesman Maj.
Gen. Mansour al-Turki said the executions were carried out inside
prisons and not in public, as is sometimes the case. The Interior
Ministry, which announced the names of all 47 people executed in a
statement, said a royal court order was issued to implement the
sentences after all appeals had been exhausted.
Meanwhile,
the execution of al-Qaida militants raised concerns over revenge
attacks. The extremist group's branch in Yemen, known as al-Qaida in the
Arabian Peninsula, had threatened violence against Saudi security
forces last month if they carried out executions of its fighters.
One
of the executed was Faris al-Shuwail, a leading ideologue in al-Qaida's
Saudi branch who was arrested in August 2004 during a massive crackdown
on the group following the series of deadly attacks.
The
executions took place in the capital, Riyadh, and 12 other cities and
towns. Of those executed, 45 were Saudi citizens, one was from Chad and
another was from Egypt.
In announcing the
verdicts, Saudi state television showed mugshots of those executed.
Al-Nimr was No. 46, expressionless with a gray beard, his head covered
with the red-and-white scarf traditionally worn by men in the Arab Gulf
region.
Al-Nimr, who was in his 50s, never
denied the political charges against him, but maintained he never
carried weapons or called for violence.
At his
trial, he was asked if he disapproved of the Al Saud ruling family
because of speeches in which he spoke out forcefully against former
Interior Minister and late Crown Prince Nayef bin Abdelaziz, who is King
Salman's elder brother.
"If injustice stops
against Shiites in the east, then (at that point) I can have a different
opinion," the cleric responded, according to his brother, who attended
court sessions and spoke to The Associated Press just days before the
Oct. 2014 verdict.
U.S.-based Human Rights
Watch's Middle East director Sarah Leah said "regardless of the crimes
allegedly committed, executing prisoners in mass only further stains
Saudi Arabia's troubling human rights record." She said al-Nimr was
convicted in an "unfair" trial and that his execution "is only adding to
the existing sectarian discord and unrest."
Al-Nimr's
brother told the AP by telephone that the executions came as a "big
shock" because "we thought the authorities could adopt a political
approach to settle matters without bloodshed." He urged people to "adopt
peaceful means when expressing their anger."
Saudi
Arabia carried out at least 157 executions in 2015, with beheadings
reaching their highest level in the kingdom in two decades, according to
human rights groups.