Lack of sound in Chicago police videos raises more questions
|
| Chicago
Police Officer Jason Van Dyke leaves the Cook County Jail after posting
bond on Monday, Nov. 30, 2015, in Chicago. Van Dyke has been locked up
since Nov. 24, when prosecutors charged him with first-degree murder in
the shooting death of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald. |
CHICAGO
(AP) -- A police dash-cam video that captures a white Chicago officer
fatally shooting a black teenager 16 times has no sound, nor do videos
from four other squad cars at the scene. But department protocol
indicates all the cruisers should have been recording audio that night.
The
silence is almost sure to figure into the ongoing federal investigation
of the case, and it raises questions about whether officers were
careless with the recording equipment or, worse, attempting a cover-up.
"When
you've got a standup cop with nothing to hide, the dash-cam is his
friend," said Gregg Stutchman, who has specialized in video forensics in
California for 23 years. "But for cops who aren't quite as standup, it
would make sense that they wouldn't want things recorded."
Several
experts on the type of equipment commonly installed in police vehicles
told The Associated Press that it's plausible for a single squad car to
have a glitch preventing sound recording. But they could not imagine how
an entire fleet of cars would ever lose audio at the same time and
place by mere happenstance.
"I've never heard
of it before," Stutchman said. "It raises a red flag." The more likely
explanation is that audio was intentionally switched off, he said.
The
silent video at the core of the shooting case in Chicago shows officer
Jason Van Dyke stepping out of his car on Oct. 20, 2014, and almost
immediately opening fire on Laquan McDonald as he walks away from
officers. Van Dyke continues to fire on the 17-year-old even after he
crumples to the ground.
On the same day that
the video was released last week by the city, the Cook County State's
Attorney's
Office charged Van Dyke with first-degree murder.
Dash-cam
video and audio should switch on automatically when a vehicle's
emergency lights are activated. If the lights are not used during an
incident, officers should turn on the system manually, according to a
directive on the police department's website.
Sound
can be central to understanding what happened at a crime scene, said Ed
Primeau, a Michigan-based audio and video forensics expert.
In
the Chicago shooting, audio would have enabled investigators to gauge
the level of anxiety among officers as they pursued McDonald, Primuea
said. And sound could have been critical to piecing together how things
played out in the minutes before the shooting as officers spoke to each
other or to a dispatcher over their radios.
"That
gives you a whole play-by-play, like who is coming around the corner in
a chase or which officer is going where," he said. "It can help with
the entire narrative."
Without sound, it's
hard to know just when the shooting started and stopped. Did the shots
come in quick succession or was there a pause between bursts of gunfire?
And just what did Van Dyke and fellow officers say in the seconds
before Van Dyke opened fire? What, if anything, did McDonald say to
them?
Neither police nor state prosecutors have offered a detailed explanation of why there is no audio with the video.
Police
spokesman Anthony Guglielmi suggested that the absence of audio was
probably an unforeseen technological fault. In an email to The
Associated Press, he wrote: "As with any technology, at times software
issues or operator error may keep the cameras from operating as they
normally should."
Ensuring the audio system is
fully functional also requires that officers, usually at the start of
their shifts, place a unit that includes a microphone and transmitter on
their bodies and make sure it's synced with the audio system, Stutchman
explained.
Some departments have a zero-tolerance policy when it comes to required recording.
Daytona
Beach Police Chief Michael Chitwood described in a Justice Department
report how one officer constantly claimed his body camera malfunctioned
at the very moment he allegedly engaged in questionable behavior.
Forensics later showed he had simply turned off the device. He was
pressed to resign.
Said Chitwood, "Our policy says that if you turn it off, you're done."
Videos
from five Chicago police cars have been released by the city, and none
has functioning sound. Videos from three other cars that responded have
not been released.
Patrol officers have never
liked the idea of being electronically monitored, regarding it as
something imposed from the upper brass, Stutchman said.
But,
he added, in his experience, better officers are meticulous about
making sure at the start of each shift that their audio and video
equipment is working.
Darrel Stephens,
executive director of the Major Cities Chiefs Association and a former
police chief in North Carolina, echoed that. He said there are
malfunctions, or in some cases, officers who forget to switch audio on.
"It's not a perfect technology. There are times that it doesn't work very well," he said.
Texas-based
Coban Technologies supplies the dash-cams to Chicago, as it does to Los
Angeles. Messages seeking comment from the company were not returned
Wednesday.
Some of the Chicago videos released
do contain faint buzzes, some of which sound similar to an engine or a
siren. Stutchman said those are probably electrical pulses picked up by
the dash-cam system that are not actual audio but could mimic sounds of
sirens or engines.
The U.S. Attorney's Office has not specified what issues it is investigating.
Primeau
said it's likely that federal authorities would bring in forensics
experts to determine why no useable audio seems to exist, with other
investigators probably reviewing logs for any notes about how the
systems were operating before and after the shooting.